Validation of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale in Argentina.

Even though prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants is one of the main reasons for discrimination in Argentina, there is no valid measure to assess it. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale. In addition, we tested correlations with right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, feelings towards Bolivian immigrants, and ideological self-placement. Data was collected through a convenience sample of 431 undergraduate students from Buenos Aires, with an age range from 18 to 45 years old (38.75% men and 61.25% women). Results showed adequate psychometric properties for the scale. Moreover, significant correlations between subtle and blatant prejudice and the other psychosocial variables tested were found. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Validation of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale in Argentina

Abstract Even though prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants is one of the main reasons for discrimination in Argentina, there is no valid measure to assess it. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the subtle and blatant prejudice towards Bolivian immigrants scale. In addition, we tested correlations with right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, feelings towards Bolivian immigrants, and ideological self-placement. Data was collected through a convenience sample of 431 undergraduate students from Buenos Aires, with an age range from 18 to 45 years old (38.75% men and 61.25% women). Results showed adequate psychometric properties for the scale. Moreover, significant correlations between subtle and blatant prejudice and the other psychosocial variables tested were found. Implications of these findings are discussed.

The dark side of sexism in Argentina: Psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad Personality measure and its relation with ambivalent sexism.

One of the main evaluation instruments of the dark side of personality has been the Short Dark Triad of Personality (SD3), that includes Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy traits. Although other adaptations of this scale have been made in several countries, its psychometric properties have never been tested in Argentina. Different studies addressed that dark triad scores are related to different expressions of sexist prejudice. One of the issues that have been traditionally considered to understand intimate, yet unequal relationships between men and women, is prejudice toward women. Ambivalent sexism combines two types of sexist attitudes: hostile, and benevolent sexism. While hostile sexism involves attitudes of outright intolerance towards women, benevolent sexism is defined as a set of attitudes that comprises the perception of women in a positive emotional tone. The aim of the study was to analyze the Dark Triad of Personality scale in the Argentinian context and its relationships whit ambivalent sexism. A total of 1,198 individuals residing in different regions of Argentina participated, from different genders (woman = 59.5%), from 18 to 75 years old (M = 45.17 SD = 15.08). Main results indicated adequate psychometric properties for the Short Dark Triad of Personality scale in the Argentinian context. In addition, the three traits of the dark triad were significantly related to hostile and benevolent sexism, which indicate that one of the variables to keep addressing in order to comprise and eventually reduce prejudice towards women would be the dark triad of personality. Main results are discussed, in order to strengthen the understanding of the relationships between the dark triad and ambivalent sexism.

Construct Validity of the Attitudes towards Maghrebis in Education Scale (AMES).

The current article describes the validation of the Attitudes towards Maghrebis in Education (AMES) scale in the Spanish context and examines the relation with other psychosocial variables. A Spanish sample of 807 participants aged between 18 and 80 years old completed the AMES. The analyses were performed using CFA, mainly considering the statistical indices of CFI, RMSEA and Pearson's correlation. The external validity of the scale was tested using measures, such as social dominance orientation (SDO), empathic concern, warmth, competence and contact with Maghrebis. The results indicated that the AMES showed an adequate fit to the data. The AMES was found to be negatively correlated with SDO, whereas it was correlated positively with the rest of the variables. The results demonstrate that the AMES can be used as a reliable measure to evaluate attitudes towards Maghrebi migrants in education in Spain. The implications of the psychosocial variables studied are discussed as possible factors to consider for promoting more intercultural socio-educational environments.

Propiedades psicométricas del Test de Dependencia al Teléfono Móvil (TDMB) en Argentina y sus relaciones con la impulsividad / Psychometric Properties of the Mobile Phone Dependency Test (TDMB) in Argentina and its Relationship with Impulsivity

Resumen El uso de teléfonos celulares ha aumentado exponencialmente en la mayoría de los países del mundo. Desde una perspectiva psicológica, se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas para evaluar el nivel de dependencia hacia el uso del teléfono móvil, y el test TDMB es una de las más utilizadas. Objetivo. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue realizar la adaptación y validación al contexto argentino del cuestionario TDMB y sus relaciones con la impulsividad. Método. Participaron del estudio 339 adultos residentes en Argentina, con edades entre los 18 y 65 años (M = 37.66; DT = 12.87), siendo el 74.3% mujeres. La batería de evaluación incluyó el TDMD, la UPPS-P para evaluar impulsividad y variables ad-hoc relacionadas con el uso del teléfono celular. Resultados. Se obtuvieron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la versión argentina del TDMB. Asimismo, se observaron relaciones entre todas las dimensiones del cuestionario y la impulsividad, como también diferencias según la edad y el sexo de los participantes. Se discuten los alcances y límites de la prueba, así como sus relaciones con la impulsividad y el uso cotidiano del teléfono móvil.

Abstract. The use of cell phones has increased exponentially in most countries of the world. From a psychological perspective, different techniques have been developed to assess the level of dependence towards the use of the mobile phone, the TDMB test being one of the most used. Objective. The aim of the research was to adapt and validate the TDMB and its relations with impulsivity. Method. 339 adults residing in Argentina participated in the study, with ages between 18 and 65 years (M = 37.66; SD = 12.87), of which 74.3% were women. The evaluation included the TDMD, the UPPS-P to evaluate impulsivity and ad-hoc variables related to cell phone use. Results. Adequate psychometric properties were observed for the Argentine version of the TDMB. Likewise, relationships were observed between all dimensions of the questionnaire and impulsivity, as well as differences according to the age and gender of the participants. The scope and limits of the test are discussed, as well as its relationships with the impulsivity and daily use of the mobile phone.

El Inventario de los Cinco Grandes Factores de Personalidad en el contexto argentino: puesta a prueba de los factores de orden superior / The Big Five Personality Inventory in the Argentinean Context: Testing Higher Order Factors

Resumen El Modelo de los Cinco Factores (ffm) de la personalidad predomina en la literatura científica y el Inventario de los Cinco Grandes (bfi) constituye una de sus principales evaluaciones. Considerando las limitaciones de estudios previos, el objetivo del presente artículo fue explorar la dimensionalidad del instrumento de evaluación bfi, evaluar los factores de orden superior y analizar sus relaciones con la autoestima, la edad y el sexo de los participantes. Participaron 549 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados indicaron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para el bfiy para el modelo de dos factores de orden superior. Además, se observaron diferencias significativas según el sexo en amabilidad y neuroticismo, relaciones entre edad, neuroticismo y responsabilidad, así como también relaciones entre ambos factores de orden superior y la autoestima.

Abstract The Five-Factor Model (ffm) of personality predominates in the scientific literature, and the Big Five Inventory (bfi) is one of its main evaluations. Considering the limitations of previous studies, the aim of the present study was to explore the dimensionality of the bfi assessment instrument, to test higherorder factors and to analyze its relations with self-esteem, age, and sex of the participants. A total of 549 university students participated. The results showed adequate psychometric properties for the bfi and for the two-factor model of higher order personality traits. In addition, significant differences were observed by sex in terms of agreeableness and neuroticism, relationships between age, neuroticism, and conscientiousness, as well as relationships between both higher order factors and self-esteem.

Virtual Reality Smartphone-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial on Initial Clinical Efficacy and Adherence.

BACKGROUND: Obstacles to current tobacco cessation programs include limited access and adherence to effective interventions. Digital interventions offer a great opportunity to overcome these difficulties, yet virtual reality has not been used as a remote and self-administered tool to help increase adherence and effectiveness of digital interventions for tobacco cessation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate participant adherence and smoking cessation outcomes in a pilot randomized controlled trial of the digital intervention Mindcotine (MindCotine Inc) using a self-administered treatment of virtual reality combined with mindfulness. METHODS: A sample of 120 participants was recruited in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina (mean age 43.20 years, SD 9.50; 57/120, 47.5% female). Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TG), which received a self-assisted 21-day program based on virtual reality mindful exposure therapy (VR-MET) sessions, daily surveys, and online peer-to-peer support moderated by psychologists, or a control group (CG), which received the online version of the smoking cessation manual from the Argentine Ministry of Health. Follow-up assessments were conducted by online surveys at postintervention and 90-day follow-up. The primary outcome was self-reported abstinence at postintervention, with missing data assumed as still smoking. Secondary outcomes included sustained abstinence at 90-day follow-up, adherence to the program, and readiness to quit. RESULTS: Follow-up rates at day 1 were 93% (56/60) for the TG and 100% (60/60) for the CG. At postintervention, the TG reported 23% (14/60) abstinence on that day compared with 5% (3/60) in the CG. This difference was statistically significant (χ21=8.3; P=.004). The TG reported sustained abstinence of 33% (20/60) at 90 days. Since only 20% (12/60) of participants in the CG completed the 90-day follow-up, we did not conduct a statistical comparison between groups at this follow-up time point. Among participants still smoking at postintervention, the TG was significantly more ready to quit compared to the CG (TG: mean 7.71, SD 0.13; CG: mean 7.16, SD 0.13; P=.005). A total of 41% (23/56) of participants completed the treatment in the time frame recommended by the program. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide initial support for participant adherence to and efficacy of Mindcotine and warrant testing the intervention in a fully powered randomized trial. However, feasibility of trial follow-up assessment procedures for control group participants needs to be improved. Further research is needed on the impact of VR-MET on long-term outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN50586181; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN50586181.

Fundamentalismo Religioso y su Relación con Variables Psicosociales en Judíos Ortodoxos / Religious Fundamentalism and its Relation to Psychosocial Variables in Orthodox Jews

Resumen El fundamentalismo religioso expresa un conjunto de creencias basadas en una interpretación literal de un manuscrito considerado sagrado, con una exigencia intransigente de sometimiento a una doctrina. Diferentes variables psicosociales como el autoritarismo, la dominancia social, la necesidad de cierre y la ideología del rol de género han sido estudiadas en relación con fundamentalismo religioso. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo revisar estas relaciones y proponer un modelo teórico que las vincula, en una muestra de judíos ortodoxos. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de judíos ortodoxos, compuesta por 426 adultos entre hombres y mujeres, con un rango etario de 18 a 69 años. Los resultados observados, en convergencia con estudios previos, confirman las relaciones positivas entre el fundamentalismo religioso y la necesidad de cierre cognitivo, el autoritarismo del ala de derechas, la orientación a la dominancia social y la ideología de roles de género. A partir de ello, se propone un modelo teórico en el que autoritarismo y dominancia social modulan los niveles de necesidad de cierre y fundamentalismo religioso los que, a su vez, inciden en los niveles de ideología del rol de género. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden contribuir al análisis de los efectos de la radicalización y brindar insumos para el desarrollo e implementación de las medidas preventivas necesarias. Se discuten los alcances y límites de la propuesta teórica.

Abstract Religious fundamentalism expresses a set of beliefs based on a literal interpretation of a manuscript considered sacred, with an intransigent demand for submission to a doctrine. Different psychosocial variables such as authoritarianism, social dominance, the need for closure and the gender role ideology have been studied in relation to religious fundamentalism. On the one hand, authoritarianism and social dominance have been considered as predictors of religious fundamentalism while, on the other hand, the need for closure and the gender role ideology have been studied in their relations with religious fundamentalism. The aim of this work was to review these relationships and propose a theoretical model that links them, in a sample of Orthodox Jews. We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of Orthodox Jews, composed of 426 adults between men and women, with an age range of 18 to 69 years. The results observed, in convergence with previous studies, confirm the positive relationships between religious fundamentalism and the need for cognitive closure, the authoritarianism of the right wing, the orientation to social dominance and the ideology of gender roles. From this, a theoretical model is proposed in which authoritarianism and social dominance modulate the levels of need for closure and religious fundamentalism which, in turn, affect the levels of ideology of the gender role. The scope and limits of the theoretical proposal are discussed.

La caballerosidad como mediador entre el autoritarismo y los roles de género / Chivalry as a mediator between authoritarianism and gender roles / Cavalheirismo como mediador entre autoritarismo e papéis de gênero

Resumen: A lo largo de la historia hombres y mujeres han mantenido relaciones de intimidad basadas en una asimetría o desigualdad estructural, cuyo sostén es un conjunto de actitudes sexistas como la caballerosidad, sumado a un marco convencional y de estabilidad conforme al autoritarismo y los roles de género como creencias de base sobre los atributos pertenecientes a cada género. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la caballerosidad como forma de sexismo benevolente, el autoritarismo y el sostenimiento de ideologías tradicionales de roles de género. Participaron de la muestra 303 sujetos adultos residentes en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 53 años, de ambos sexos. Se observó que, a mayores niveles de caballerosidad, mayores niveles de ideología del rol de género y mayores niveles de autoritarismo. Además, se encontró que la caballerosidad funciona como mediador entre el autoritarismo y la ideología de roles de género. Se discuten las relaciones entre las variables y las diferencias en la fuerza de relación entre variables según el sexo.

Abstract: Throughout history men and women have maintained intimate relationships based on structural asymmetry or inequality, which they maintain is a set of sexist attitudes such as chivalry, added to a conventional framework and stability according to authoritarianism and gender roles beliefs, based on attributes belong to each gender. The aim of the present study was the analysis of the relationships between the cavalry and the benevolent form of sexism, authoritarianism and the maintenance of traditional ideologies of gender roles. The participants were 303 subjects from Buenos Aires, between the ages of 18 and 53, of both sexes. It was observed that at higher levels of chivalry, higher levels of gender role ideology and higher levels of authoritarianism. In addition, we have found that chivalry functions as a mediator between authoritarianism and the ideology of gender roles. The relationships between the variables and the differences in strength between the relationships according to sex are discussed.

Resumo: Ao longo de homens e mulheres de história eles têm mantido relações íntimas com base em uma assimetria ou desigualdade estrutural, cujo apoio é um conjunto de atitudes sexistas como cavalaria, juntamente com um quadro convencional e estabilidade sob papéis autoritarismo e de gênero como crenças básicas sobre os atributos pertencentes a cada gênero. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar as relações entre o cavalheirismo como uma forma de sexismo benevolente, autoritarismo e a manutenção de ideologias tradicionais de papéis de gênero. A amostra foi constituída por 303 sujeitos adultos residentes na Província de Buenos Aires, com idade entre 18 e 53 anos, de ambos os sexos. Observou-se que, em níveis mais altos de cavalaria, níveis mais altos de ideologia de papéis de gênero e níveis mais altos de autoritarismo. Além disso, constatou-se que o cavalheirismo funciona como um mediador entre o autoritarismo e a ideologia dos papéis de gênero. As relações entre as variáveis e as diferenças na força da relação entre variáveis de acordo com o sexo são discutidas.

Visiones del mundo, autoritarismo y dominancia en diferentes expresiones de prejuicio / Worldviews, authoritarianism and dominance in different kinds of prejudice

Resumen Las visiones del mundo son esquemas mentales que se presentan accesibles al individuo a través del proceso de socialización cultural, generando cosmovisiones sociales estables. Dos visiones del mundo, como un lugar peligroso (DW) y como una jungla competitiva (CW), han sido ampliamente estudiadas. Ambas se relacionan con 2 actitudes sociales: la DW se relaciona con el autoritarismo del ala de derechas (RWA), mientras que la CW se asocia a la orientación a la dominancia social (SDO). A su vez, RWA y SDO son 2 actitudes sociales predictoras por excelencia de diferentes formas de prejuicio. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue adaptar y validar la escala de visiones del mundo (WV) al contexto local, para luego testear 2 análisis de senderos con las relaciones entre variables propuestas en los antecedentes. Participaron del estudio 376 estudiantes universitarios con un rango etario de entre 18 y 42 años (M = 24.29; DT = 3.3). Los resultados principales indican adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para el modelo de 2 dimensiones correlacionadas para el estudio de las visiones del mundo. Además, pudo observarse como el análisis de senderos DW-RWA-Prejuicio resultó adecuado, mientras que el análisis de CW-SDO-Prejuicio presentó problemas métricos.

Abstract Worldviews are cognitive schemas available for individuals through the socialization process that generates stable social worldviews. The dangerous worldview (DW) and the competitive jungle worldview (CW) have been widely studied. Both are related to different social attitudes: DW relates to the right wing authoritarianism (RWA) and CW relates with social dominance orientation (SDO). Meanwhile, RWA and SDO are two social attitudes that predict different forms of prejudice. The main objective of this study was to adapt and validate the worldviews scale (WV) to the local context, and then to test two paths analysis with relationships between variables proposed in the background. Participants were 376 university students with an age range between 18 and 42 years (M = 24.29, SD = 3.3). Main results indicate adequate psychometric properties for the bi-dimensional worldviews model. Furthermore, it was also noted that the path analysis between DW-RWA-Prejudice was adequate, while the other including CW-SDO-Prejudice has metric problems.

Autoritarismo del ala de derechas: conceptualización, evaluación y perspectivas a futuro / Right wing authoritarianism: conceptualization, evaluation and future prospects

Uno de los principales conceptos que se ha estudiado en la psicología social y política es el autoritarismo, dado que el mismo es uno de los principales moduladores de las relaciones intergrupales. Si bien se han desarrollado diferentes perspectivas psicológicas para su análisis, la definición del constructo como una covariación de tres conglomerados actitudinales (agresión y sumisión autoritaria y convencionalismo) se mantiene vigente. A partir de esta conceptualización, comenzó a discutirse la evaluación a nivel empírico del constructo, en primer lugar de manera unidimensional y luego la posibilidad de discriminar sus dimensiones. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es desarrollar la propuesta teórica del autoritarismo del ala de derechas, describiendo las tres dimensiones que representan al constructo, presentar su evaluación y discutir los alcances y limitaciones de la misma, así como su influencia desde el punto de vista teórico

One of the main concepts studied in the social and political psychology is authoritarianism because it is a principal modulator of intergroup relations. Despite the development of different psychological perspectives for its analysis, the definition of the authoritarianism as a covariance of three attitudinal clusters (authoritarian aggression and submission and conventionalism) remains in force. From this conceptualization, the empirical assessment of the construct has been discussed, first its unidimensional structure and then the ability to discriminate its dimensions. The main objective of this work is to develop the theoretical proposal of right-wing authoritarianism, to describe the three dimensions of the construct, to present its assessment and to discuss the scope and limits, as well as its influence on a theoretical level